BS-5099火花試驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

   BS 50999:1992

Foreword  前言

This Britishi Standard has been prepared under thedirection of the cable and Insulation Standards policy Committee and supersedesBS 5099:1974 which is withdrawn..

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是英國關(guān)于電線電纜行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，取代BS 5099:1974

This edition of BS 5099 introduces a clauseon calibration frequency, together with an associated annex on the procedurefor checking the efficacy of the method of spark testing.

此版本的BS 5099在附件里增添了火花試機(jī)的校準(zhǔn)周期以及校準(zhǔn)的方法和程序。

This British Standard specifies sparktesting of a wide range of cables, and , in as far as it is applicable, isequivalent to the spark testing specified in HD 21.2 and HD 22.2 for lowvoltage cables.

這個版本的BS 5099對電線電纜的絕緣火花試驗作了很全面的說明，在很長時間內(nèi)都是很適用的，在低壓電線的火花測試與HD 21.2和HD 22.2是一樣的。

Compliance with a British Standard does notof itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

BS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本身不能作為產(chǎn)品免檢的法律依據(jù)。

 Specification 規(guī)格說明

1 Scope  范圍

This British Standard specifies requirements and testmethods for a.c,d,c,high frequency and pulsed wave-form spark testing of theinsulation and sheath of electric cables, The use of high frequency and pulsedwave-form testers is limited to cables rated less than 0.6/1KV,unless referredto in the cable specification.

這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是英國關(guān)于AC、DC、和高頻以及脈沖電壓對絕緣電線和護(hù)套的火花測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。高頻或脈沖火花機(jī)是用于檢測額定電壓在0.6或1kV以下的電線。

2.References 參考

2.1 Normative references  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考

This British Standard incorporates, byreference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and thepublications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to , orrevisions of , any of these publications apply to this standard only whenincorporated in it by updating or revision.

2.2 informative references  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提供

This British Standard refers to otherpublications that provide information or guidance. Editions of thesepublications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed arelisted on inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latesteditions.

3 Application  應(yīng)用

The spark test which is specified in thisstandard shall be applied at the stages

of manufacture indicated by the cablespecification.

這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里關(guān)于火花測試的內(nèi)容對于電線電纜制造業(yè)是很有用的。

Note1. The test clauses of the appropriatecable specifications give details of the component to which spark testing isapplicable.根據(jù)電線的不同規(guī)格來選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臏y試方式。

Note2.For guidance on the use of sparktesting machines, see annex A.   火花機(jī)的使用見附錄A

4．High voltage source  高壓電源

4.1 General  普通的

To avoid the risk of electrical shock topersonnel, for all types of voltage source the output shall be limited to lessthan 10mA r.m.s or equivalent. The high voltage source shall be supplied in oneof the following forms.

為了避免人員觸及高壓而造成的危險，所有的輸出高壓電源的電流必須≤10mA.高壓電源必須符合下面某一種：

a)   Alternating current of approximately sine wace-form ata frequency of 40Hz to 62Hz.

a) 交流電電源頻率為40Hz-62Hz，電壓波形應(yīng)近似正弦波。

b)   Direct current with the positive pole earthed and thenegative pole connected to the test electrode by means of a low capacitanceunscreened lead.

The peak to peak value of ripple on the d.c. output voltage shall not exceed 5% of the d.c. voltage.

b)直流電源的正極接地，負(fù)極由一根低電容的非屏蔽電線與試驗電極連接。電源輸出電壓應(yīng)為脈動因數(shù)不大于5%的直流電壓。

c)   High frequency current of approximately sine wave-format frequency of 1kHz to 1000kHz. 高頻電源頻率通常為1kHz-1000kHz之間，電壓波形近似正弦波。

d)   Impulsed current generated from a voltage wave-formconsisting of a sharp rise pulse followed by a highly damped wave train.

The sharp rise of the impulse wave frontshall reach 90% of the specified peak value in less than 20us. Fluctuations ofthe actual peak value, due to variations of input power into the generator,shall not exceed±2% of thespecified peak value. The peak value shall not show more than 5% reduction inthe event of an increase of capacitance load of 50pF,during the operation, froman initial load of 25pF between electrode and instrument ground. The pulseduration, including the damped portion of the wave, shall be between 40us and50us. The pulse repetition tate of the electrode shall be  a minimum of170 pulses per second. Visible or audible corona shall be evident in theelectrode structure when operating at the specified voltage

脈沖波的波頭在20us內(nèi)將會突漲90%。那些變化是由于輸入脈沖發(fā)生器的電壓所引起的。其波動不應(yīng)超過每刻度峰值電壓的±2%。在運(yùn)行期間，電極的電容負(fù)載從25pf增到50pf.其峰值的增長應(yīng)在5%以內(nèi)。在脈沖周期的波形衰減應(yīng)在40us與50us之間。電極每一的循環(huán)脈沖必須大于170次以上。運(yùn)行的時候，在電極周圍可以明顯的看見有一束光環(huán)。

4.2 voltage monitoring equipment 電壓檢測設(shè)備

4.2.1 For a.c, d.c.and high frequency sources the electrode to earth potential difference shall bedisplayed on a meter either by connection direct to the output terminals of thehigh voltage source or by any suitable arrangerment which gives a result±5% of the drect reading. The metershall be calibrated to read d.c.or a.c. (r.m.s) as appropriate and shall conform to a standard not lower thanthat specified for class 1 instruments in BS89:part 1: 1990 and part 2: 1990.

火花機(jī)對地的電位差應(yīng)由火花機(jī)的試驗電壓儀表顯示，該表既可直接接到高壓電源輸出端，也可通過任何其他合適連接方法連接，但是其顯示值誤差應(yīng)在±5%范圍內(nèi)。

4.2.2 for an impulse source there shall be a peak reading instrumentvoltmeter connected directly to the electrode head, indicating continually thepotential of the electrode with or without a grounded test wire in the chamber.The peak reading voltmeter shall show full deflection at a peak value notexceeding 25kV and shall have an accuracy of±3% of the specified operating value。This meter shall be capable of maintaining this accuracy for anadequate period, and the calibration frequency set accordingly.

脈沖火花機(jī)，電壓表直接接在試驗電極上，顯示的是測試電線沒有接地的情況下的峰值電壓。電壓表顯示的最高峰值是25kV,誤差為每刻度的±3%以內(nèi)。這個表應(yīng)能保證其準(zhǔn)確度在一定內(nèi)時間都不變，其校準(zhǔn)周期同火花機(jī)。

The impulse test equipment shall becalibrated by means of a peak detecting electronic voltmeter connected directlybetween the electrode head and ground. The impulse generator shall be energizedand the voltage control of the impulse generator shall be adjusted until thereading on the calibration voltmeter is the specified potential,at which pointthe reading on the instrument voltmeter shall be observed  and recorded;this calibration shall be repeated at each specified peak potential. The pulsewave-form shall be monitored by means of an oscilloscope connected to the electrodehead at suitable test points.

脈沖火花機(jī)的校準(zhǔn)是把數(shù)字電壓表直接接在測試電極和地之間。調(diào)節(jié)脈沖發(fā)生器直到輸出的電壓與電壓表上的電壓一致為止。每個刻度都要觀察和記錄并要重復(fù)進(jìn)行。脈沖波的波形是通過接在測試電極頭上的示波器來觀察。

NOTE:Calibration may be accomplishedwithout a test wire in the electrode head, in which case the voltage control onthe impulse generator may require different setting for each cable size inorder to give the desired reading on the instrument voltmeter; or thecalibration may be made with a load of 20pF to 60pF. The equipment may also becalibrated against an oscilloscope with a calibrated and compensatedattenuator. The chosen method should have an accuracy of±2%.

注釋：火花機(jī)的校準(zhǔn)必須在試驗電極沒有電線或電纜通過的情況下進(jìn)行。校準(zhǔn)所用的示波器和電源衰減器也必須先校準(zhǔn)，選擇的測試方法的誤差應(yīng)在±2%以內(nèi)。

5 Test voltage  測試電壓值

5.1 Contact electrode 接觸式電極

5.1.1 General 常規(guī)

The high voltage supply to the test electrode shall beeither alternating current, direct current, high frequency current or impulsedcurrent as specified in 4.1.

通常采用的測試高壓電源有交流、直流、高頻和脈沖。在4.1中有詳細(xì)介紹。

for all types of testing, the conductor ofthe core under test, or the conductor, metallic sheath, screen or armourunderlying the non-metallic sheath to be tested ,shall be continuously earthed.金屬護(hù)套導(dǎo)線，

適合于所有類型的電線測試，測試時金屬線芯、金屬屏蔽部分或金屬鎧裝層以及金屬護(hù)套都必須連續(xù)的良好接地。

5.1.2 Insulation  絕緣

Spark test voltage values given by thepotential difference between the test electrode and the conductor of the coreor cable under test shall be specified in the cable standard.

火花試驗時，電極與被測試電線或電纜之間的電位差的值在電線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有明確規(guī)定。

測試電壓參考表
5.1.3 Insulation/sheath   絕緣/護(hù)套

When spark testing of a combination ofinsulation/sheath is specified in the relevant cable standard, it shall becarried out using one of the voltage sources specified in 4.1 at theappropriate voltage given as follows:

絕緣護(hù)套的火花測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，要按照4.1里規(guī)定的電源種類和電壓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

a)     a.c.: at 6kV per millimetre of the combined tabulatedradial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 25kV;

 交流電源測試時，每一毫米絕緣厚度的護(hù)套要求6kV的電壓，最高為25kV。

b)     d.c.and impulse: at 9kV per millimetre of the combinedtabulated radial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of38kV for d.c.and 23kV for impulse;

使用直流電源或脈沖測試時，每一毫米絕緣厚度的護(hù)套要求9kV的電壓，直流最高為38kV，脈沖最高為25kV.

c)     h.f.: at 7kV per millimetre of the combined tabulatedradial thickness of insulation and sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 14kv.

使用高頻電源測試時，每一毫米的絕緣厚度要求7kV的電壓，最高為14kV.

5.1.4 Sheath 護(hù)套

When spark testing of sheath of thicknessgreater than 0.5mm isspecified in the relevant cable standard it shall be carried out using one ofthe voltage sources specified in 4.1 at the appropriate voltage given asfollows:

 在絕緣厚度大于0.5mm的護(hù)套電纜測試在電線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中應(yīng)有詳細(xì)的規(guī)定，適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇4.1中的電源進(jìn)行測試。

a)   a.c.: at 6kV per millimetre of tabulated radialthickness of sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 25kV;

 交流測試時，每毫米厚度的護(hù)套需要6kV的電壓測試，最高電壓是25kV

b)   d.c.and impulse: at 9kV per millimetre of tabulatedradial thickness of sheath, up to a maximum voltage of 38kVfor d.c.and 23kV forimpulse;

直流和脈沖測試時，每毫米厚度的護(hù)套需要9kV的電壓，直流的最高電壓是38kV,脈沖的最高電壓是23kV;

c)   h.f.: at 7kV per millimetre of tabulated radialthickness of tabulated radial thickness of sheath,upto a maximum voltage of10.5kV.

 高頻測試時，每毫米厚度的護(hù)套的電壓是7kV，最高測試電壓是10.5kV.

NOTE. For sheath thickness below 0.5mm,the test voltage should be the subjectof agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

注意：當(dāng)護(hù)套的厚度小于0.5mm時，測試電壓應(yīng)當(dāng)由制造商和購買者協(xié)調(diào)。

5.2 Non-contact electrode  非接觸式電極

The supply to the test electrode shall bedirect current only,as defined in 4.1b. The conductor of the core or themetallic layer under the sheath shall be continuously earthed and the potentialdifference between the electrode and the conductor or the metallic layer shallbe 18kV.

供給測試電極的電源只能是直流，直流定義在4.1里有詳細(xì)敘述。被測試電線的金屬線芯或金屬屏蔽層必須接地，測試電極與被測電線或金屬層的電位差是18KV。

6 Design of electrode  電極的設(shè)計

6.1 contact electrode  接觸式電極

The contact electrode shall be of metallicconstruction and its length shall be such that every point of the insulatedconductor or non-metallic covering under test is in the electrode for a timenot less than the following:

接觸式電極為金屬材料做制成。電極的有效長度應(yīng)使被測產(chǎn)品絕緣上每點通過電極的時間不小于以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

a)   with a.c. supply to the electrode:0.05s;  交流電源測試時為0.05s.

NOTE 1. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 1.2 M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注2：這個時間表示被測試產(chǎn)品穿過每毫米長電極的最大速度為1.2M/min.

b)   with d.c.supply to the electrode: 0.001s;直流電源測試時為0.001s.

NOTE 2. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 60M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注2：這個時間表示被測試產(chǎn)品穿過每毫米長電極的最大速度為60M/min.

c)   with h.f. supply to the electrode: 0.001s; 高頻電源測試時為0.001s.

NOTE 3. this time represents a maximum through-putspeed of 60M/min permillimetre of electrode.

注3：這個時間表示被測試產(chǎn)品穿過每毫米長電極的最大速為60M/min.

d)    with impulse supply to the electrode:0.02s. 脈沖電源測試時為0.02s.

NOTE 4. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 3.0M/min permillimetre of electrode.

注4：這個時間表示被測試產(chǎn)品穿過每毫米長電極的最大速度為3.0M/min.

The electrode in direct contact with the cable undertest shall not consist of mercury or of any other material in the fluid state.

與電線電纜接觸的電極不允許由水銀或其他任何液體所組成。

6.2 Non-contact electrode  非接觸式電極

The non-contact electrode shall consist ofa cylindrical metal tube whose internal diameter is nominally 13mm.

The length of the electrodes shall be suchthat every point of the core or cable under test is in the electrode for notless than 0.001s.

非接觸式電極是由內(nèi)徑為13mm的金屬管制成的。

電極的有效長度應(yīng)使被測產(chǎn)品絕緣上每點通過電極的時間不小于0.001s.

NOTE. This time represents a maximumthrough-put speed of 60M/minper millimetre of electrode.

注：這個時間表示被測產(chǎn)品穿過每毫米長電極的最大速度為60M/min.

The core or cable under test shall be guided by anysuitable means through the centre of the test electrode and be maintained inthat position without undue deviation for the duration of the test run. Themaximum recommended core or cable size that should be tested by the non-contactsystem is 3.0mmdiameter overall.

電線或電纜通過適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)方式穿過試驗電極中心，并保證在運(yùn)行期間能順利通過而不受影響，在非接觸式電極測試時，被測試電線或電纜的的最大直徑為3.0mm。

7 Fault indicator  破壞指示器

there shall be a failure detection circuitto give a visible or audible indication of insulation/sheath failure. The faultdetector shall be arranged to operate a digital display counter such that onecount per discrete fault is registered. The counter shall maintain theindication until the indication is manually cancelled.

擊穿指示器由數(shù)字計數(shù)器和聲響報警器組成，能對每次擊穿都能記錄和報警。擊穿指示器應(yīng)能保持其記數(shù)，直至下一個擊穿被記錄或指示器被人工復(fù)位。

8 Sensitivity  靈敏度

8.1 A.C., h.f. and d.c.electrode supply  交流、高頻、直流電源電極

The sensitivity of the spark testingapparatus shall be such that the detector will operate when an artificial faultdevice, described in annex B, is connected between the electrode and earth. Themethods for assessing the sensitivity apply for a.c. and h.f.as specified inB.1 and for d.c.as specified in B.2.

火花試驗機(jī)的靈敏度測試需要在電極和地之間連接一個人工擊穿裝置，詳見附錄B，交流和高頻的靈敏讀測試在B.1中，直流和脈沖的靈敏度測試在B.2中。

8.2 Impulse wave-form electrodesupply  脈沖電源電極

The detection circuit shall be sufficientlysensitive to indicate a fault when the electrode is arced to ground through a0.5 MΩ resistor andshall be capable of detecting a fault which lasts for the duration of only oneimpulse.

報警電路的靈敏度要十分的高，當(dāng)電極電對地電阻達(dá)到0.5 MΩ形成電弧時，電路必須發(fā)出報警信號。并且在一個脈沖只發(fā)出一個錯誤信號。

9 Calibration frequency  校準(zhǔn)的周期

NOTE. The efficacy test refered to in note3 of clause 3 should be carried out upon initial installation of the equipmentor upon any extension to the range of core or cable to be tested (see C.2.1).

9.1 The voltage calibration specified in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 shall be carried out at least once a year, and afterany repairs or major adjustments to the equipment.

電壓的校準(zhǔn)見4.2.1和4.2.2。每一年必須校準(zhǔn)一次，在大修或較大調(diào)整后，也應(yīng)進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。

9.2 The sensitivity test specified inclause 8 shall be carried out at least once a year, and after any repairs ormajor adjustments to the equipment.

靈敏度的測試見第8部分，在大修或較大程度調(diào)整后，也應(yīng)進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)。

上傳一份嘛!謝謝了

不錯 可以參考

＂To avoid the risk of electrical shock topersonnel, for all types of voltage source the output shall be limited to lessthan 10mA r.m.s or equivalent. ＂

請問樓主，如何驗證此項？